FOREWORD
Thank God and praise Allah SWT gratitude I wish for the
presence of 25 papers in English this story. without pleasure and affection as
well as his guidance this paper would be finished impossible.
Paper is structured as a builder of student motivation, so
interchangeable to take lessons contained in the story. and took the initiative
to make all of us to always work in whatever form, they are positive and
beneficial to yourself or others.
Finally in accordance with the adage "no ivory that is
not cracked," I am expecting suggestions and criticisms, especially to the
course tutor English. truth and perfection is only Allah Who Have and Almighty.
may allah swt bless us forever.
Amin Ya Rabbal’Alamin.
Langsa, 16 December 2011
Writer
SURYA NANDA
Titanic
“It was almost midnight. I was on deck. Suddenly
there was a terrible crash. I fell and hit my head. People were screaming and
shouting for help. I felt something cold and sticky under my hands. It was a
block of ice, covered with blood, my blood. Then I realised what had happened.
We had struck in iceberg.”
The Titanic was the biggest, fastest, and most
luxurious ship in the world, carrying over 2200 people, both passengers and crew.
It has 16 watertight compartments so that the newspapers had called her
“unsinkable”.
It departed from Southampton to New York. On the
captain’s orders the ship was travelling at top speed. Some of the ship’s
officers had warned the captain about icebergs and asked him to slow down, but
he wanted to beat the record time for the atlantic crossing.
Many of the passengers were dancing, drinkin, or
playing cards when the ship suddenly struck an enormous iceberg. The impact
ripped a huge in her side. Great blocks of ice flew across the deck, killing a
number of people. Captain smith gave the order to abandon ship: “Women and
children first !” Less than three hours later the Titanic had sunk.
Evidence later showed that there were only enough
lifeboats for 1200 people, about half the number on board.
The captain used the new SOS distress signal.
There was a ship only 15 kilometres away, and the crew saw rockets, but thought
the were fireworks sent up from the Titanic. Two hours after the Titanic had
sunk, another ship arrived, and 705 peple in lifeboats were saved. They were
mainly women and children. Most of those left on board died when the ship sank.
It is said that the orchestra, which was playing on deck to keep the passengers
calm, carried on until the ship went down.
1513 persons died in the worst Manitime disaster, including the American millionaires
John Jacob Astor, Benjamin Guggenheim, and Isidor Straus.
The sinking of Titanic led to many reforms, such
as lifeboat space for every person on a ship, lifeboat drills, the maintenance
of a full-time radio watch while at sea, and an internasional ice patrol.
TRAFFIC CONTROL
The primary aims of all traffic-control systems are to speed the
traveler and to ensure each safety. However, the huge cost upgrading traffic-control
systems has been a factor in slowing the rate of improvement, but the very size
of such systems makes them amenable to the computerization that will eventually
program and control the movement of all types of traffic.
In recent years, fully automatic
train control has been introduced, including, for example, conductive cable
systems laid between the rails to sense train speed, transmit instruction, and,
if necessary, cause them to change speed or stop.
Some forms of traffic control on
roads and highways are simple and relatively inexpensive: these include speed
limits, one-way streets, prohibition of turning across oncoming traffic,
tidal-flow schemes where lanes are reversed at peak hours, and, above all,
clear signs indicating that these controls are in effect. Electric traffic
signals were introduced in 1928; today visual control systems are linked to
pneumatic vehicle detectors and electronic queue detectors, and signals and
television pictures are fed to a central computer control room with human
managers, who can take charge in an emergency.
The mode of transportation subject to the most advanced and costly
control is aviation. Muct of the world’s airspace over land areas is controlled
and is divided into air corridors linking large terminal airspaces. All areas
are divided inti flight information Regions, each with a traffic control
traffic center and radio communications. Most advanced aircraft have precision
navigation systems, such as: VOR (very high frequency omnidirectional radio), radar navigation. And
sytems using the global positioning satellite system (GPS) or the omega
network. Thus, aircraft can maintain their position on fixed routes accurately,
usually flaying at known and reported flight levels (height above ground.
Sea
traffic has been greatly assisted by radar, the development of precision
navigation aids such as GPS, and collision-warning system. Despite this,
accident and collisions at sea continue to occur, and sea traffic is more in
need of proper control than any other
mode of transportation.
BOXING
With the
of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, boxing seemed to
disappear, at least as a formal sport. Boxing did not reappear in society until
the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660 ushered in amore relaxed moral
atmosphere. Allowing the sport with a barbaric history to make a come back. The
first mention of a staged fight came in an English news paper in 1681, and the
first boxing champion-self-appointed-was Jim Figg, who claimed the title in
1719. James Broughton, a protégé of Figg drew up a set of rules in 1743 promoting the idea that
boxing was a bona fide British sport. Broughton’s rules for bade hitting bellow
the waist or hitting an opponent who was down. Although most gloves were still
bare-knuckle, Broughton also promoted the use of rudimentary ordinance know as
“mufflers”. These regulations remained the standard in the support until they
were supplanted by the revised London prize Ring Rules of 1838.
Despite
a 1750 ordinance outlawing prize fighting in great Britain, many members of the
nobility believed boxing symbolized the manly virtues of courage, strength, an
fair play boxing academies enrolled poets, nobles, and outstanding fighters
such as Daniel Mendoza, Tom Cribb, and ‘Gentleman’ John Jackson emerged. But
with the rise of middle class and the influence of reform and religious
movement during the early 19th century, public approval of boxing
sagged New antiprizefight laws were passed, police began stopping fight, and
judges prosecuted those involved. Many boxers subsequently emigrated to the
United States, hoping to find greater boxing opportunities.
Canoeing and kayaking
Canoeing
and kayaking have roots, to the canoe of the North American Indians and the
Eskimo kayak. The origins of the competitive and organized sport, however, can
be more formally traced to the founding of the Royal Canoe Club in English in
1866.
In
Britain and some other countries , the term canoe is often used to describe
either a canoe or a kayak, although differences do exist between them. A
canoeist kneels and uses a single-blade paddle, whereas a kayaker sits and uses
a double-blade paddle. A canoe is usually open at the top, whereas the other is
enclosed, with a cockpit where the paddler sits.
The
international Canoe Federation has about 100 member nations from 6 continents,
many of whom compete at the Olympic level. Competitive canoes and kayaks are
classified by a C for Canadian canoe or by a K for kayak, followed by a number
that designates the number of persons in the craft. Four basic events are held
in it, slalom, in which racers travel a course on whitewater rivers having steep
drops and challenging turns around its gates, as in skiing; wildwater, in which
they race straight downstream on whitewater rivers; and sprint and marathon,
which include varying distances on calmer waters. In international races, the
number of competitors in craft a rangers from 1 to 7. Sprints have been in the
Olympic Games since 1936 for men, and 1948 for women. Slalom, while not a
permanent Olympic sport, was included in 1996 and is planned for 2000
Paddling
a canoe has long been a popular pastime. However, since the 1970s, there has
been a dramatic increase in the popularity of whitewater canoeing and kayaking,
as well as sea kayaking.
Enjoying White Water Rafting
Today,
the Citarik river is a thriving and interesting centre of water sports. Rafting
down the river’s short route takes about three hours, but the long one takes
all of six hours to complete.
White
water rafting first became known in Indonesia during the early 1970s. “Wanadri”
the country’s oldest nature lover’s club, participated in encouraging the
growth of the sport by staging the Citarum I and II rallies. Sadly, it has seen
many casualties, usually suffered by those facing the perils for the first time
and probably lacking a thorough knowledge and understanding of river safety.
The newness of the sport may also have been a contributing factor due to t he
lack of experience combined with with the lack of the proper techniques
required. Nonetheless this has not dissuaded people from taking up white water
rafting or made them fearful of trying out this still relatively new and
exciting sport.
Meanwhile,
on Citarik river, It was pioneered in 1992, by an adventurous man named Lody
who became the first person ever to shoot the rapids on the Citarik using an
inflatable rubber boat. Taking advantage of the abundant local resources in the
area surrounding the river, in 1995 he formed his company, PT. Lintas Jeram
Nusantara.
Your
while water rafting adventure begins with an instruction course on river
safety, techniques and other procedures. Participants are requested to look
after the river, by not throwing rubbish into it, for example, and making sure
that their activities don’t cause environmental damage. When the instruction is
over, everyone scrambles into the rubber boat and they push off onto a calm
stretch of water.
The
first while water they meet isn’t far from the camp, As they continue rushing
downstream, they will pass through many more exciting sports before reaching
calm water once again. The left and right, the scenic views are dominated by
green rice paddies. Within an hour they arrive at the village of Tangkolo and
soon the rafters start off again, now to shoot the most exhilarating of the
rapids on the Citarik. The atmosphere is one of excitement as the rubber boat
passes by steep-sided banks and the
lovely panoramas slip our of sight, leaving only the raging torrent of the
river.
After two hours or so, the river
becomes a lot calmer and the rafters can relax a little as there are no more
rapids to face on their trip. Finally, they reach the village of Desa Tonjong,
and end their river adventure.
The Princess
and the Pea
Once
upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would
have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere
could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult
to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them
that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would
have liked very much to have a real princess.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and
lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard
at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.
It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate.
But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The
water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her
shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But
she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the
bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and
laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.
On
this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she
had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely
closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was
lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's
horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had
felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down
beds.
Nobody
but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he
had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be
seen, if no one has stolen it.
Fish and Birds
In
a forest there lived two animals were very friendly. The beast is the birds and
fish. Both are very close and always help each other. The closeness of the two
was not just happen, but through an event that changed them. At that time the
fish is resting on the edge of the river. He stared at the tree seeds right on
top of it.
"It
seems the seeds good to eat" says fishing in hati.Ia then tried to jump as
high to get it. Again and again he jumped, but failed to reach the seeds. It
can only be looking at the beans. While we were looking at the grains, distracted
by a bird flying back and forth.
"Lord,
why do not you give me wings to fly so I could grab the beans?" Said the
fish in the liver.
We leave the fish and turn to birds.
After
flying, the bird then perched on one branch of a tree by the river to rest. At
that time he looked into the water. At the bottom of the river water, he saw a
lot of worms bergeliatan.
"Apparently the worms good to eat." The word bird in the liver.
He
then tried to get into the water to dive and catch the worms. However, he did
not succeed because he could not swim. He then just looked at the worms out of
a tree. As I was looking for worms in the water, attention being diverted to
the fish swimming in the water.
"Lord,
why do not you give me the tail and fins to swim so I could reach the worms in
the water?" Said the bird in the liver.
Finally,
fish and birds know each other their respective difficulties. Many times the
fish see the birds diving into water to get the worm. Thus was the bird many
times to see fish jumping up to get the grain. Then they met.
"Hey fish, whether you want these seeds? said the bird.
"True,
but I do not have wings so that they can not fly like you get the seeds."
Replied the fish.
"I
also want a worm at the bottom of the river, but I've got fins like you so that
o can not get worms." Replied the bird.
"What
if you helped me take the beans and I'll help you get the worms at the bottom
of the river." Bring the fish.
"Wow great idea, I agree." Replied the bird.
Finally, fish and birds become friends and
help each other.
STATE
BUTTERFLY
Liza's been three
days absent from school because his legs kesleo because of falling off the
bike.. Every morning until the afternoon he was at home alone. Bi Imah, her
maid, also is returning home to visit his sick grandmother .. Papa and Mama
work until the afternoon while Kak Rizka also school until noon. Liza bored all
day just reading comics or watching television.
Liza
was blowing that morning to drive away the loneliness pianika on the patio behind
the house while filling in the puzzle of a children's magazine. There are three
new questions answered Liza in the puzzle. First, what is the name of elephant
tusks? Ivory Secondly, what a bear's favorite food? Honey. And third, sea water
contains what? Salt. When he tried to play the song Butterfly That's funny, his
attention suddenly focused on a butterfly trapped in amber colored glass
windows. The butterfly was overwhelmed as he hit the glass window because he
wanted to come out causing noise.
"Poor",
whispered Liza heart. He also stopped blowing pianikanya and walked with her
hobbled painfully toward the window. Butterfly was more frightened when he saw
Liza approached. But Liza opened the window and gently banish those butterflies
to get out. The yellow butterflies flew free. Liza returned to his seat to
resume his song while completing the puzzle.
Fun
being Liza went on singing, suddenly a yellow butterfly had been there before
him. He landed on his lap while Liza-kepakkan wings flapping. And what a
surprise when the butterfly was speaking.
"Thank
you Liza. You're a good heart. Usually the children love to chase and catch
butterflies, in fact rarely torture and kill me, but you have helped me .. As
an expression terimakasihku, I'll take a visit to the Land of Butterflies. Come
on Lisa! Follow me! ", Get it while flying butterflies.
The yellow butterflies fly slowly and
followed Liza limped to arrive at a black stone at the corner of the garden.
Cucumber Gold
In
a village there lived an old widow named mbok Sarni. Every day he spends his
time alone, because mbok Sarni did not
have a child. Actually he wanted to have children, so that could help him work.
One
afternoon mbok Sarni go into the forest to gather wood, and half way through
mbok Sarni met with a very big giant. "Hey, where do you want?", Said
the Giant. "I just want to collect firewood, so please allow me
through", replied mbok Sarni. "Hahahaha .... You may pass after you
gave me a human child to eat ", said the Giant. Then mbok Sarni said,
"But I do not have children".
After
mbok Sarni said that she had no children and wanted to have children, then give
him the Giant cucumber seeds. The giant said, "O old woman, I give you
seed the cucumber. Plant these seeds in your backyard, and after two weeks you
will get a child. But remember, the child handed it to me after the age of six
years ".
After
two weeks, it seems fruitful cucumber is very dense and there is one large
cucumber. Mbok Sarni then pick it up, and after the split it turns out it was a
very beautiful baby. The infant was then given the name of golden cucumbers.
Increasingly
golden cucumbers growing big, and mbok Sarni very excited once because his
house is not quiet anymore. All work can be completed quickly because the
assistance golden cucumbers. Finally, one day the Giant came to collect on the
promise. Mbok Sarni very frightened, and did not want to lose the golden
cucumbers. Then mbok Sarni said, "O giant, came here two years. The more
mature the child is, the more delicious for the meal ". The demon agreed
and left the house mbok Sarni.
Period
of two years is not a long time, so every day looking for reasonable mbok Sarni
how so children are not brought the Giant. Heart mbok Sarni very worried, and
finally one night dreaming mbok Sarni. In his dream, he was told to meet golden
cucumbers hermit on Mt.
In
the morning mbok Sarni golden cucumbers ordered to immediately see hermit.
After meeting with the sage, golden cucumber then talked about the purpose of
his arrival. The sage then gave him four small packets whose contents cucumber
seeds, needles, salt, and shrimp paste. "Throw one at this package, if
you're being chased by a giant", ascetic orders. Then cucumber Meas went home,
and instantly save a bundle from the hermit.
The
next morning the giant came back to collect on the promise. "O old woman,
where was he? I can not stand to eat it ", cried the Giant. Then mbok
Sarni said, "Do not you take a giant O my son, because I really love him.
I'd better just what you eat ". Giants do not want to accept an offer from
mbok Sarni, and finally outraged. "Where's that? Where golden cucumbers?
", Shouted the giant.
Because
not bear to see mbok Sarni crying, then cucumbers gold out of hiding places.
"Here I am a giant, catch me if you can !!!", shouted golden
cucumbers.
Raksasapun
after him, and cucumbers started throwing bags of gold that contains cucumber.
Miraculously, the forest becomes dense fields of cucumber fruit. Raksasapun be
hampered, because the stems of cucumber wrapped around her body continues. But
at last the giant got off too, and began mngejar golden cucumbers again. Then
the golden cucumbers sprinkled second bag containing needles, in a flash
tumbuhlan bamboo trees are very high and sharp. With bloody feet sticking
bamboo because it's a giant continues to pursue.
Then
the golden cucumbers open third parcel that contains salt. Immediately hutanpun
into the ocean. But the sea would be easily passed the giant. The latter
eventually sow the Golden Cucumber paste, immediately formed a boiling sea of mud, and the giant splash in it.
Raksasapun eventually die.
Gold
cucumber thank God Almighty, because it was saved from a cruel giant. Finally
Cucumber Gold and Mbok Sarni live happily and peacefully.
NURSING
Nursing, in
general, is the process of caring for, or nurturing another individual. More
specifically, nursing refers to the functions and duties carried out by persons
who have had formal education and training in the art and science of nursing.
There are two major categories of nurses: licensed practical nurses and
registered nurses.
Professional
nurses combine many different disciplines, including aspects of biology and
psychology, to promote the restoration and maintenance of health in their
clients. Registered nurses help physicians during examinations, treatment, and
surgery. They observe, evaluate, and record patients symptoms, administer
medications, and provide other care.
As a member of
the largest health care profession in the nation, registered nurses practice
wherever people need nursing care, including such common sites as hospitals,
homes, schools, workplaces, and community centres, and uncommon areas such as
children’s camps, homeless shelters, and tourist sites. Based on outcome
desired, nurses intervene to promote health, prevent illness, or assist with
activities that contribute to recovery from illness. They may initiate
treatments themselves or perform interventions initiated by advanced practice
registered nurses or other licensed health care providers.
Nurses have
both dependent and independent functions. The former are those that must be
carried out under the orders of a licensed physician or dentist, including such
duties as administering medications and changing dressing on wounds.
Independent functions are those that must be carried based on their own
professional judgment. Such duties include bathing patients, positioning them
to prevent joint contraction, teaching people now best to care for themselves,
and providing nutritional counseling. In the united states, a nurse’s functions
are defined and controlled by the nurse practice act of the state involved.
JOKES AND
ANECDOTES
Mary was very fond of
television, so when she met a young man who worked for a television company,
she was very interested and asked him a lot of questions. She discovered that
he had also worked for a film company, so she asked him whether there was any
difference between film work and television work.
‘well’, answered the young man, ‘there
is one very big difference. If someone makes a mistake while a film is being
made, it is, of course, possible to stop and do the scene again. In fact, one
can do it over and over again a lot of times. Mistakes waste time, money and
film, but the audiences who see the film when it is finished don’t know that
anything went wrong. In a live television show, on the other hand, the audience
can see any mistakes that are made.
I can tell you a story about that. One
day, a live television show was going on, and one of the actors was supposed to
have been shot. He fell to the ground, and the camera moved somewhere else to
allow time for me to run out with a bottle of tomato sauce to pour on to him to
look like blood. But unfortunately the camera turned back to him before I had
finished, and the audience saw me pouring the sauce on to the man.
“Oh, how terrible !” Mary said. “And what did you do?”
“well,”
answered the young man, “Our television director is a very strict man. If anyone
makes a mistake, he dismisses him at once. So what could I do? I just had to
pretend that this was part of the story, and “ate” the man.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an unknown epidemic illness that
has been discovered in many individuals for many years. It is only transmitted
by direct blood to-blood contact; casual contact and even sexual contact are
not believed to transmit the illness. Hepatitis means an inflammation or
infection of the liver. Hepatitis C is generally chronic, as opposed to acute.
This means that it continues to affect the patient and is not known to have a
sudden onset recovery.
The great majority of people infected
with the illness either had a blood transfusion, or experimented with injecting
illegal drugs when they were young. There are frequently no symptoms, so the
illness is discovered through routine blood tests. It reveals elevated liver
enzymes, which caused by any form of hepatitis, by abuse of alcohol, or by
other causes.
Because the illness produces no
symptoms, it does not effect the victim’s life, at least at first. But the constant infection in the liver can
eventually lead to cirrhosis of the liver, which is scarring and putting death
on portions of the liver. It, in turn, can lead to liver cancer and,
ultimately, death. Severe cases can be reversed with a liver transplant. Yet,
because the virus may exist in the body for more than 20 years before being
discovered, after reviewing the condition of the liver, doctors often suggest
waiting and periodically checking the condition. The liver’s condition is
determined by a biopsy, in which a
device is inserted into the liver and its condition is viewed. If there is
little or no cirrhosis, it is more likely that treatment will be postponed.
Treatment however, consists of a
combination therapy with one drug injected three times a week and another taken
orally. It costs hundreds of dollars a week and causes the patient to have
symptoms similar to influenza, and some patients suffer more than others.
THE FOREST
RANGER’S DREAM
I
am a forest ranger. Taking care of forest has been my job for fifteen years. I
love it, eventhough sometimes it can be
very dangerous, I could lose my life. In my duties, I groups of illegal loggers
and non-serious violations such as littering, graffiting, and camping in
illegal places.
I
had one bad experience that changed my life forever. It happened three years
ago, on a dark cold night…
I
was so worried, the weather was hot and three had been no rain for a long time.
The trees in the forest were dry as a bone. It would just take a tiny spark to
turn the whole forest into a raging sea of fire. Then, in the afternoon from my
watchtower high above the trees, I saw a thin spiral of smoke. Fire! I yelled
aloud. Fire fighters rushed to the blaze in trucks. Working as fast as they
could, the men battled against the blaze with streams of water. They started to
chop down trees and dig up the ground to keep the fire from spreading. Then,
came the aeroplanes dumping massive amounts of water treated with special
chemicals to put off the blazing forest. From other planes came men with
parachutes. These men were fire fighters called smoke jumpers. They parachuted
into places that men on the ground cannot reach easily. This is very dangerous
work because no one can save them if they get into trouble. Finally, in six
hours, the firemen had stopped the spread of fire. Thousands of trees had
become blackened stumps had been saved.
Then,
I heard a terrible ringing sound coming from inside of the trees. Oh my God… it
was a horrible dream. People in yellow everywhere, a great fire sparking,
aeroplane engines were roaring over my head.
Since
the, I am always be careful. Especially when I check the camping area or in the
holiday season where many people come to the forest. Not one single active
cigarette left or camp fire remains. I will not let the forest fire in my dream
come true.
DRUGS AND THE EFFECTS
Marijuana is a dry, shredded green/brown mix of
flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the hemp plant, cannabis sativa. It is
usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe. Marijuana smoke has a strong and
distinctive, usually sweet-and-sour odor. There are countless street terms for
marijuana including pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, ganja, and hash. Long-term
marijuana use leads to an addiction. The short-term effect of marijuana
addiction can include problems with memory and learning, difficulty in thinking
and problem solving, loss of coordination and increased heart rate smoking
marijuana increases the possibility of developing cancer of the head or neck.
Marijuana use also has the potential to promote cancer of the lungs and other
parts of the respiratory tract because it contains irritants and carcinogens.
In fact, marijuana smoke contain 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic
hydrocarbons than does tobacco smoke. Depression, anxiety, and personality
disturbances have been associated with marijuana addiction. Students who smoke
marijuana get lower grades and are less likely to graduate from high school,
compared with their non-smoking friends.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug
that is snorted, sniffed, injected or smoked and directly affects the brain. It
is also called by the street names coke, snow, flake, blow and others. Cocaine
usually makes the user feel euphoric and energetic. Cocaine is generally sold
on the street as a fine, white, crystalline powder. Street dealers generally
dilute it with such substances as cornstarch, talcum powder, sugar, or with
such active drugs as procaine ( a chemically related local anesthetic ) or with
such other stimulants as amphetamines. Adults 18 to 25 years old have the highest rate of current cocaine use,
compared to other age groups presumably because it is very expensive.
Common health effects include heart
attacks, respiratory failure, and strokes. In some cases, sudden death can
occur on the urst use of cocaine or unexpectedly thereafter. Physical effects
of cocaine use include constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased
temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Different means of taking cocaine
can produce different adverse effects. Regularly snorting cocaine, for example,
can lead to loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing,
hoarseness, and a chronically runny nose. People who inject cocaine can
experience severe allergic reactions and, as with any injecting drug user, are
at increased risk for contracting HIV and other blood borne diseases.
FISHERY
Fisheries are important
sources of food, income, jobs, and recreation for people around the world. This
is particularly true in island nation, such as Japan and Iceland, where their
inhabitants eat seafood as their major source of protein.
The largest fisheries group is made up of small, open ocean
fishes such as herring, sardine, anchovy, and related species. Over 20 percent
of the world’s fishery harvest comes from this group, of which Chile and Peru
are the leading harvesters. These fish however have relatively low commercial
value.
Another large category of harvested fisher, accounting for
nearly 10 percent of the world’s fishery harvest, is the groundfish, or
demersal fish, that live near the ocean floor. These generally white-fleshed
fishes include cod, haddock, Pollock, and hake. Cod and haddock tend to be
relatively high in commercial value, except for the Alaska Pollock for it is
less valuable and is often used in the fish sandwiches sold at fast-food
restaurants. In addition, there are also flatfish, suck as flounder, halibut,
and sole, which live directly on the ocean bottom. This well-known group of
fish usually has a high commercial value.
Several freshwater fisheries are also important. Carp and
related freshwater fish are consumed mostly in Asia and parts of Europe. The
tilapia, a freshwater or brackish water fish native to Africa, is now being
raised globally to add protein to the diets of people in less-developed areas.
It is also being sold to meet the growing demand for seafood in countries such
as the United States.
The net it the most common type of fishing equipment.
Various kinds of net are used for different kinds of fish. Seine nets encircle
entire schools of fish and are used to harvest tuna, salmon, anchovies, and
menhaden. Trawl nets are usually shaped somewhat like a cone and are towed
behind fishing boats to catch cod, flounder, and shrimp. Gill nets are made
with openings that are just large enough for the head of the fish to pass
through, hooking the gills into the mesh. This method is often used to catch
salmon and herring. Fish traps use nets as underwater fences to guide fish into
a holding area from which they cannot exit. This method is particularly useful
if the fish are to be sold life.
Origin of Mount Tangkuban Perahu
In West Java, Bandung regency
precisely in recreation there is a very beautiful place that is Mount Tangkuban
Perahu. Tangkuban Boat means a boat that overturned. Named because its shape
resembles an inverted boat. It is said that according to folklore parahyangan
mountain was indeed an overturned boat. Here is his story.
Thousands
of years ago, the land Parahyangan led by a king and a queen who only had a
daughter. Princess named Dayang Sumbi. She was very pretty and intelligent,
unfortunately she is very spoiled. On a day when she was weaving on the porch
of the palace, Dayang Sumbi felt weak and dizzy.He dropped to the floor of the
yarn is spun so many times. When pintalannya fall for the umpteenth time Dayang
Sumbi became angry and swore, she would marry anyone who would get pintalannya
it. Right after these words were spoken oath, came a dog named magic Tumang and
submit it to the hand-spun Sumbi Dayang. So inevitably, in accordance with his
oath, Dayang Sumbi should marry the dog.
Dayang
Tumang Sumbi and live happily until they were blessed with a child who is a son
of man but have magic powers like his father. This child was named Sangkuriang.
In infancy, Sangkuring then accompanied played by a dog named Tumang that he
knew only as a faithful dog, not as a father. Sangkuriang grown into a handsome
young man and gallant.
On
a day Dayang Sumbi sent his son to go along with his dog to hunt deer for the
purposes of any party. After a long search with no results, Sangkuriang feel
desperate, but he did not want to disappoint her mother. So with very forced
him to take an arrow and aimed it at Tumang. Upon returning home he handed his
mother Tumang meat. dayanng Sumbi who thought the meat was venison, was happy
for the success of his son.
Immediately
after the party Dayang Sumbi remembered Tumang and asked her son where Tumang
located. At first Sangkuriang fear, asceticism he finally said what had
happened to her mother. Dayang Sumbi became very angry, the anger he hit
Sangkuriang unconscious right on his forehead. For his actions that Dayang
Sumbi expelled from the kingdom by his father. Fortunately Sangkuriang blows
her mother regained consciousness but leave a scar that is very wide in
keningnya.Setelah adult, Sangkuriang went wandering to know the state of the
outside world.
A
few years later, Sangkuriang met a very beautiful woman. He soon fell in love
with the woman. The woman is her own mother, but they do not recognize each
other. Sangkuriang proposed to her, Dayang Sumbi was received with pleasure.
The day before the wedding day, when her fiance was stroking her hair, Dayang
Sumbi see the wide scar on the forehead Sangkuriang, he finally realizes that
she almost married his own son. Knowing that Dayang Sumbi trying to thwart her
marriage. After thinking hard she finally decides to propose marriage
requirement which can not be granted by Sangkuriang. Condition is: Sangkuriang
have to create a dam that can cover the entire mountain, and make a boat to
traverse the dam. All that must be completed before dawn.
Sangkuriang
start working. Her love is so great on Sangkuriang gave a strange power. Not to
forget he also uses the strength he got from his father to summon the jinn and
to help him. With silt and soil they stem the water from the river and springs.
Sometime before dawn, Sangkuriang cut down a large tree to make a boat. When Dayang
Sumbi see that Sangkuriang almost completed its work, he prayed to the gods to
thwart his son's work and accelerate the arrival of the morning.
Rooster
crowed, the sun rises earlier than usual and Sangkuriang realized that he had
been deceived. With so angry he cursed Dayang Sumbi and kicked almost a
homemade boat to the middle of the forest. The boat had been there in a state
upside down, and formed Mount Tangkuban boats (boats that menelungkub). Not far
away there stumps of harvested trees remaining Sangkuriang, we now know as the
Mount stumps. The dam which created Sangkuriang caused the whole hill filled
with water and forms a lake where Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi immersed himself
and not heard from again until now.
The legend
of Lancang
Once
upon a time there was a story,
Kampar area in ancient times
the Lancang live with her mother. They live with the very poor. They are both
worked as farm laborers.
To
improve his life, then The Lancang intend to leave. One day he asked permission
from the mother and teacher ngajinya. His mother was advised that in the future
shoreline The Lancang always remember the mothers and hometown. The Lancang
advised that his mother should not be a rebellious child.
The
Lancang had promised his mother that. His mother cried when she became The
Lancang worship knees to ask for blessings. His mother membekalinya pack of
lumping dodak, Lancang Si favorite cake.After many years abroad, Lancang Si was
very lucky. He became a wealthy merchant. It has dozens of merchant ships.
Dikhabarkan he has seven wives. They all came from a wealthy merchant family.
While his mother, still living in Kampar in very poor condition.
On
one day, The Lancang sailed to Andalas. In a voyage that he brings to seven
wives. Together they brought too lavish supplies and tools in the form of
musical entertainment. When docked in Kampar, musical instruments were sounded
noisy. Meanwhile, silk cloth and various ornaments of gold and silver held.
Overall it was prepared to increase the impression of luxury and wealth The
Lancang.
The
arrival of Lancang news heard by his mother. With compassion, he rushed to
greet her only child is. Because of poverty, he just wore an old cloth shawl,
sarong kebaya worn and patched. With courage he rose to the deck of his luxury
ship The Lancang. As soon as his mother claims he is The Lancang, no one
believe sailor ever. With the ballpark he drove the old mother. But she did not
want to move. He insisted to be reunited with his son Si Lancang. The situation
caused a commotion.Hearing the commotion on the decks, The Lancang accompanied
by his wife went to seventh place. How shocked he was when I saw that ragged
woman who was expelled it was her mother. Lancang's mother said, "How dare
you ... my son! Oh ... what a heart Mother missed you. Hearing the greeting it,
with dismissed congkaknya Lancang. Son of even this lawless shouting,"
Where could I have a poor woman like your mother. Sailor! expel this crazy
woman. "
This
poor mother finally came home devastated. Arriving at the house, then he took
his own heritage. Heirloom rice in the form of mortar and a pestle nyiru. As he
prayed, that dimples played and dikibas-swivel-kibaskannya nyiru inheritance.
He also said, "my Lord ... punish the child's disobedience."
In
a flash, come down hurricane. The storm blows so fierce that in a moment
destroy merchant ships owned by The Lancang. Not only the ship was shattered,
his possessions are also flying everywhere. Silk cloth floated and dropped into
the country Fold Fabrics located in Kampar Left. Gong was thrown into the Right
and the Kampar River Oguong. Tembikarnya drifted into Pasubilah. While the mast
of the ship was thrown up The Lancang up in a lake, named Lake Lancang Si.
Sigarlaki Si
and Si Limbat
In antiquity in Tondano
there lived a mighty hunter named Sigarlaki. He is very famous for its
expertise speared. None of the missed targets tombakannya.
Sigarlaki
have a very loyal servant named Limbat. Almost all the work ordered by
Sigarlaki done well by Limbat. Although renowned as a reliable hunter, one day
they were unable to obtain a single tail game. His frustration finally peaked
when Si Limbat reported her employer that meat supplies in their homes have
been lost stolen.
Without
thinking, he directly accused the maid's Sigarlaki who steal their supplies of
meat. The Limbat be very surprised. Never expected her employer would have the
heart to accuse him as a thief.
Then
Si Si Limbat Sigarlaki asked to prove that he is not stealing. The trick is
Sigarlaki will stick his spear into a pond. Along with the Si Limbat sent
diving. When the spear was first out of the pool means Si Limbat not steal.
When The Limbat that out of the pool first then proved he was a steal.
Terms
strange it makes Si Limbat fear. But nevertheless he wishes to prove himself
clean. Then he dived Sigarlaki plugging along with his spear.
Just
plug a spear, Sigarlaki suddenly saw a wild pig in the pond to drink. He
immediately raised his spear and threw it toward the boar. Tombakan but it
missed. Thus it should have lost Sigarlaki Si with Si Limbat. But he asked that
the proof was repeated again.
With
a heavy heart Limbat The employer was eventually followed orders. Just stuck
his spear in the pool, suddenly Sigarlaki foot bitten by a large crab. And he
cried out in pain and not deliberately raised his spear. Thus finally The
Limbat the win. He managed to prove he was not stealing. While Sigarlaki
because of indiscriminate accusation, is punished bitten by a large crab.
Kanjeng Queen of Loro Kidul
Tanah
Jawi in the century (19th century), a prince of the kingdom Pajajaran, Joko
Tell, met a hermit who ordered that he found the kingdom of Majapahit in East
Java. Because of the hermit is a beautiful young woman, Joko Have fell in love
with her. But the hermit who was an aunt of Joko Tell, named Ratna Suwida,
rejected her love. When young, Ratna Suwida exile to meditate on a hill. Then
he went to the south coast of Java and become a spiritual ruler there. He said
to the prince, if the prince be a descendant of the ruler in the kingdom which
is located near Mount Merapi, he will marry the ruler in turn.
The
next generation, Panembahan Senopati, the founder of the Mataram kingdom to-2,
retreated to the South Coast, to collect all his energy, in an effort to
prepare the military campaign against the northern kingdom. Kanjeng attention
meditation Queen of South and he promised to help. For three days and three
nights he learned the secret of the war and government, and love intrigues in the
palace under the water, until finally emerged from Parangkusumo Sea, south of
Yogyakarta today. Since then, Queen of South reported Senopati closely related
to the descendants of the ruling, and the offerings presented to him at this
place every year through a representative palace of Solo and Yogyakarta.
Roro
Jonggrang
Once,
in ancient times there was a large empire named Prambanan. Tenteran and its
people live in peace. But, what happens then? Prambanan kingdom was attacked
and colonized by Pengging country. Peace Kingdom of Prambanan be disturbed. The
soldiers are not able to deal with attacks Pengging troops. Finally, the
kingdom ruled by Pengging Prambanan, and led by Bondowoso.
Bondowoso
a bossy cruelly. "Anyone who does not obey my orders, will be sentenced to
heavy!", Said Bondowoso on people. Bondowoso is a powerful and have the
genie forces. Not long in power, Bondowoso liked watching the movements of Loro
Jonggrang, daughter of King Prambanan beautiful. "Beautiful nian princess.
I want him to be Permaisuriku," thought Bondowoso.
The
next day, Bondowoso near Roro Jonggrang. "You're beautiful, would you be
Permaisuriku?", Tanya Bondowoso to Roro Jonggrang. Roro Jonggrang
flinched, heard the question Bondowoso. "The man was very rude, do not know
me instantly want to be queen," said Loro Jongrang in the liver.
"What should I do?". Roro Jonggrang into confusion. His mind was
spinning. If he refuses, then it will be furious Bondowoso and endanger his
family and the people of Prambanan. Was not possible to say yes, because Loro
Jonggrang did not like the Bondowoso.
"How,
Roro Jonggrang?" Bondowoso insisted. Jonggrang Roro finally get the idea.
"I am willing to be your wife, but there are a prerequisite," he
said. "What condition? Want treasures that abound? Or the magnificent
Palace". "No, my lord, said Roro Jonggrang. I asked for the temple,
the amount should be a thousand pieces." A thousand pieces? "Cried
Bondowoso." Yes, and the temple had to be done overnight. "Roro
Jonggrang Bondowoso staring, her lips quivering hold anger. Bondowoso Since
then think how to make 1000 temples. Finally he asked his advisors. "I
believe my master bias makes the temple with the help of Jin!", said the
adviser. "Yes, I also have in mind, prepare the equipment I need!"
After
the equipment at the ready. Bondowoso standing in front of the altar stone. Her
arms stretched out wide. "Forces jin, Help me!" he shouted in a
booming voice. Soon, the sky became dark. The wind roared. A moment later, the
troops had gathered Bondowoso genie. "What should we do sir?", The
leader asked the genie. "Help me build a thousand temples," pleaded
Bondowoso. The genie immediately move to and fro, carrying out their respective
duties. In a short time the temple was composed nearly a thousand pieces.In the
meantime, silently Roro Jonggrang observe from a distance. He is worried,
knowing Bondowoso genie aided by troops. "Well, how is this?" Said
Roro Jonggrang in the liver. He was looking reasonable. The ladies got together
and sent royal assigned to collect hay. "Sooner burn all the straw
that!" Roro Jonggrang command. Some other ladies sent to pound the mortar.
Dung ... dung ... dung! Radiating red tinge to the sky to the sound of the
hustle and bustle, so much like the dawn of the dawn.
Jin
forces thought the dawn was breaking. "Well, the sun will rise!"
cried the genie. "We have to go before our body singed sun,"
continued another genie. The genie was rushed to leave the place. Bondowoso was
surprised to see the Jinns troops panic.
The
next morning, Roro took Bondowoso Jonggrang to the temple. "The temple
you're asking is standing!". Roro Jonggrang immediately calculate the
amount of the temple. Apparently there were only 999 pieces!. "There's one
less!" Loro Jonggrang exclaimed. "Then the master has failed to meet
the requirements that I ask". Bondowoso surprised to learn that
deficiency. He became very angry. "There's no way ...", Bondowoso
said, staring intently at Roro Jonggrang. "Then you are to complete it!"
he said, pointing his finger at Roro Jonggrang. Miraculous! Roro Jonggrang
instantly turned into stone statues. Until now these temples still exist and
are located in the area of Prambanan,
Central Java and called Roro Jonggrang Temple.
Petak Umpet
When
I was a child, I used to spend most of my time playing all kinds of games with
my friends. Most of them were group games; a few of them were individual. I was
keen on playing group games because it made more fun.
I
remember a game that was a favorite with almost every child in the village.
This was petak umpet, or hide and seek.
At
four in the evening each day, my friends and I would gather at one place. Then,
we would make two group, consisting of the same number of persons, and decided
a base, usually a tree, after that, we drew to decided which group would hide
and which group would seek. The seeker group gathered at the base and close
theirs eyes. Meanwhile the other groups would run and hide. After counting to
10, the seeker group had to look for the member of the hiding group. Those who
were caught would be placed at the base and would be guarded by a member of the
seeker group. The seeker group won if they could catch all members of the
hiding group. The hiding group won if they could touch the base without being
caught by the guard.
But now we have grown up. We not longer
spend our free playing games. We prefer other hobbies like reading , cooking,
and fishing.
Monkey eating mangosteen
Physically, he is a stocky young man. Body
healthy and strong. But unfortunately, her performance seems chaotic. Her life
has no clear direction. It works just hang out
and hang out. Spending
time with useless at the substation corner
of the village with his friends. In fact, not
infrequently, he just
stared at it
alone. He feels his
life is useless after a few attempts he pioneered ultimately foundered in
the middle of the road. Ever
also, it works on others but eventually came out as well. Not feel at
home because they feel always
ruled.
In the morning when everyone woke up and immediately went to their respective workplaces, youth is
usually still asleep,
and was about to wake
up when it was noon. And with a step limp
and a blank stare, he was going to the substation. That's the days that
he went through. Flow without any meaning and benefits.
One day, these youth
are invited to hunt in the woods by his
uncle. "Instead there's
nothing you do, mending join uncle hunting
deer in the woods," said the uncle. "How
about it, okay?"
He did not answer directly but instead complained,
"well, why the
hell jungle uncle,
my ass still interesting in there?"
The Ant and the Grasshopper
In a field one summer's day
a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content.
An Ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to
the nest.
"Why not come and chat with
me," said the Grasshopper, "instead of toiling and moiling in that
way?"
"I am helping to lay up food for the
winter," said the Ant, "and recommend you to do the same."
"Why bother about winter?" said
the Grasshopper; "We have got plenty of food at present." But the Ant
went on its way and continued its toil.
When the winter came the Grasshopper had
no food and found itself dying of hunger - while it saw the ants distributing
every day corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then
the Grasshopper knew: It is best to prepare for days of need.
POSTAL MATTERS
The mail box can be yours doorway to the world.
Because the connect each country. Through it you can go into nearly every
country in the world. Each postage stamp becomes a personal messenger of your
letter.
If you letter, document, postcard, or
package is going overseas, they will pass through many hands and perhaps many
lands. It is the duty of our postal service to see that your mail gets to its
destination as quickly as possible.
Much of the world’s business depends
upon the postal service. That’s why most nations cooperate closely on postal
matters. The mail always goes through. A flood in China or India, or an
earthquake in Turkey or Iran may cause a delay, but new routes are quickly
found and mail is still delivered.
Basically, mail is handled in the same way in almost
every country. A stamped letter is mailed from the post office or mail box. The
mail is collected from the mailboxes on a regular schedule. All letters,
postcards and small parcels are taken to a central post office which employ
many people.
The occurrence of Lake Toba
In
antiquity, there lived an orphaned peasant boy in the northern part of Sumatra
island. The area is very dry. Syahdan, the young man living from farming and
fishing. One day he was fishing a fish that is very beautiful. The color is
golden yellow. So holding, the fish turns into a beautiful princess. The
Princess is a woman who was condemned for violating a ban. He will turn into a
kind of creature that first touch. Because the human touch, then he turns into
a princess.
Fascinated
by her beauty, the young farmer asked the princess to become his wife.
Applications are accepted on condition that he was not going to tell you its
origin from peasantry ikan. Pemuda it undertakes these terms. After a year, the
couple was blessed with a son. He has a bad habit that is never satiated. He
ate all the food there. One day the child was eating all the food from their
parents. The young man was very annoyed said: "The basis of the offspring
of fish!" That statement by itself unlock the secrets of such
isterinya.Dengan their promise has been breached.His wife and son disappeared
mysteriously. Their former footing menyemburlah ground springs. Water flowing
from the springs are getting bigger and bigger. And became a vast lake. The
lake now called Lake Toba.
Bibliography
Hutchinson,
Tom. 1991. Hotline. London: Oxford
University Press
Peterson.
L. 2000. Front line. Madrid: Harrap’s
Collins
Cobuild Series. 1995. English Usage.
Fulham: The Collins Cobuild
Mitchell,
H.Q. 2000. Say yes. Athens: MM
Publications
Lukman
Emalia Iraligiati. 2004. Headlight.Malang:
Erlangga
Anatomi Fisiologi Fraktur
